C18400 copper is a relatively unknown copper alloy with diverse applications in various industries. This alloy has unique properties, making it well-suited for many different uses. It has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, along with good mechanical properties. If you want to learn more about this alloy, read on as we explore its composition, physical and mechanical properties, uses, hardness, heat treatment, welding techniques, and corrosion resistance.
C18400 Composition
C18400 copper is a leaded, high-tin bronze alloy that contains up to 6% tin, up to 2% lead, and small amounts of phosphorus and iron. This alloy is similar in composition to C18200 or C18150 copper but with higher tin content. The mother strengthens the copper and improves its resistance to wear and tear.
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Cu | 99.2 |
| Cr | 0.8 |
C18400 Physical Properties
C18400 copper has excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, making it ideal for electrical systems. It has a density of 8.53 g/cm3 and a melting point of 1,084°C. Its coefficient of thermal expansion is 17.7 x 10-6 K-1, and its thermal conductivity is 92 W/m·K.
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.89 g/cc | 0.321 lb/in³ |
| Melting point | 1070.0°C | 1958°F |
C18400 Mechanical Properties
C18400 copper has good mechanical properties, including high strength, hardness, and wear resistance. It has a tensile strength of 520 MPa and a yield strength of 345 MPa. Its elongation at break is 12%, and its toughness is 35 J.
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 234-593 MPa | 33900-86000 psi |
| Yield strength (depending on temper) | 97.0-531 MPa | 14100-77000 psi |
| Elongation at break (in 127 mm (2in.)) | 40.00% | 40.00% |
| Machinability (UNS C36000 (free-cutting brass) = 100) | 20 | 20 |
| Shear modulus | 50.0 GPa | 7250 ksi |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.34 | 0.34 |
| Elastic modulus | 117 GPa | 16969 ksi |
C18400 Equivalents
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal expansion co-efficient (@20-100°C/68-212°F) | 17.6 µm/m°C | 9.78 µin/in°F |
| Thermal conductivity (@20°C/68°F) | 171 W/mK | 1190 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
C18400 Uses
Due to its excellent electrical conductivity and thermal properties, C18400 copper is used in electrical systems, such as wires, connectors, and terminals. It’s high strength and wear resistance make it ideal for use in gears, bearings, and other machine parts. It is also used in marine applications, such as shipbuilding and the construction of offshore structures.
C18400 Hardness
C18400 copper has a Rockwell hardness of B80 and a Brinell hardness of 180. This hardness makes it difficult to machine but provides excellent wear resistance.
C18400 Heat Treatment
C18400 copper cannot be heat treated to increase its strength or other mechanical properties. However, it can be annealed to improve its machinability.
C18400 Welding
C18400 copper can be welded using TIG, MIG, spot welding, and brazing techniques. However, the high tin content of this alloy makes it difficult to weld, and special precautions are needed to prevent porosity and other welding defects.
C18400 Corrosion Resistance
C18400 copper has good resistance to corrosion in most environments. However, it is unsuitable for acidic or corrosive environments as it may corrode or pit.
Conclusion
C18400 copper is an alloy with unique properties that make it well-suited for various applications. Its high strength, wear resistance, and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity ensure it is used in electrical systems, machine parts, marine applications, and many other fields. C18400 copper can be welded and joined despite its hardness using various techniques. If you need a material that combines strength, conductivity, and wear resistance, C18400 copper might be a good choice.
