ThePipingMart Blog Grades SAE/AISI 1090 Carbon Steel(UNS G10900) – Composition, Properties and Uses

SAE/AISI 1090 Carbon Steel(UNS G10900) – Composition, Properties and Uses

SAE / AISI 1090

SAE/AISI 1090 is a high-carbon steel renowned for its commendable wear resistance and toughness. This alloy, identified as UNS G10900, is well-suited for applications demanding heat treatment. It exhibits versatility, allowing both hot and cold work and processes like annealing, normalization, or water quenching. Carbon steel, a favored material in engineering applications, stands out for its durability and toughness. Specifically, AISI 1090 carbon steel, with its elevated carbon content, excels in strength and hardness. It falls under the UNS G10900 alloy and comprises primary elements of iron, carbon, manganese, and sulfur. The heightened carbon content facilitates heat treatment, enabling the attainment of increased hardness and strength. Due to its remarkable properties, 1090 carbon steel finds extensive use in high-stress applications such as axles, springs, and blades. It is undeniably a dependable and invaluable material across various industries.

What Forms of AISI 1090 is Available at Piping Mart?

  • Nut
  • Bar
  • Bolt
  • Pipe
  • Screw
  • Tubing
  • Valves
  • Washers
  • Flanges
  • Fasteners
  • Electrodes
  • Stud Bolts
  • Sheet Plates
  • Pipe Fittings
  • Forged Fitting
  • Instrumentation Fittings

AISI 1090 Composition

AISI 1090 composition includes iron, carbon, manganese, and sulfur. Its high carbon content contributes to impressive strength and hardness, making it suitable for diverse applications in construction, automotive, and high-stress industries.

Element Content (%)
Iron, Fe 98.03 – 98.55
Carbon, C 0.85 – 0.980
Manganese, Mn 0.60 – 0.90
Sulfur, S ≤ 0.050
Phosphorous, P ≤ 0.040

AISI 1090 Physical Properties

AISI 1090 has a density of approximately 7.85 g/cm³. This physical property is crucial for understanding the material’s mass and volume relationship, aiding its application across various industries.

Properties Metric Imperial
Density 7.85 g/cm3 0.284 lb/in³

AISI 1090 Mechanical Properties

AISI 1090 exhibits a density of about 7.85 g/cm³. This mechanical property is essential for evaluating the material’s mass characteristics, influencing its suitability for applications in diverse industries.

Properties Metric Imperial
Tensile strength 696 MPa 101000 psi
Yield strength 540 MPa 78300 psi
Bulk modulus (typical for steel) 140 GPa 20300 ksi
Shear modulus (typical for steel) 80 GPa 11600 ksi
Elastic modulus 190-210 GPa 27557-30458 ksi
Poisson’s ratio 0.27-0.30 0.27-0.30
Elongation at break (in 50 mm) 10% 10%
Reduction of area 40% 40%
Hardness, Brinell 197 197
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Brinell hardness) 219 219
Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness) 92 92
Hardness, Rockwell C (converted from Brinell hardness. Value below normal HRC range, for comparison purposes only) 13 13
Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness) 207 207

AISI 1090 Thermal Properties

Properties Metric Imperial
Thermal conductivity (typical steel) 49.8 W/mK 346 BTU in/hr.ft².°F

AISI 1090 Equivalent

  • AMS 5112
  • ASTM A29 (1090)
  • ASTM A510 (1090)
  • ASTM A576 (1090)
  • ASTM A713 (1090)
  • ASTM A830
  • SAE J1397 (1090)
  • SAE J403 (1090)
  • SAE J412 (1090)
  • AMS 5112E
  • SAE J414

AISI 1090 Properties

  • Good wear resistance
  • Good toughness
  • Best suited for applications that require heat treatment
  • It can be hot-worked, cold-worked, annealed, normalized, or water quenched

AISI 1090 Applications

  • Wear resistant parts
  • Cutting tools
  • Knives
  • Springs
  • Shafts

AISI 1090 Uses

SAE/AISI 1090 Carbon Steel (UNS G10900) is a widely-used material choice in many industries. Its high carbon content makes it incredibly durable, making it ideal for heavy-duty applications such as agricultural machinery and mining equipment. Additionally, it is frequently used in the manufacturing of springs and tensioning rods due to its excellent tensile strength properties. Industries such as construction and forestry also rely on this type of carbon steel because of its exceptional wear and abrasion resistance, making it an ideal choice for components that require a high level of durability. Overall, the multi-faceted uses of SAE/AISI 1090 Carbon Steel make it a valuable material in industries that require strength, resilience, and durability in their products.

AISI 1090 Uses in Industries

  • Automotive Industry
  • Aerospace Industry
  • Construction Industry
  • Oil and Gas Industry
  • Defense Industry

AISI 1090 Corrosion Resistance

AISI 1090 is an alloy steel with high levels of resistance to corrosion due to its unique blend of chemical elements. This combination is renowned for its rust-resistant properties, making it ideal for construction and other outdoor applications in environments where exposure to moisture and damp conditions may be a concern. Thanks to its outstanding strength-to-weight ratio, AISI 1090 is also widely used in automotive engineering and manufacturing of sprockets, wheels, crankshafts and car parts. Other applications that benefit from AISI 1090’s rust prevention properties include oil drilling rigs and general mechanical components across various industries.

AISI 1090 Machining

SAE/AISI 1090 machining requires experience and skill to work within tight tolerances. Made of medium-high carbon steel, this strong yet malleable material can be used for a variety of projects. With heightened cutting speeds and minimized twisting of the material during machining, the result is a smooth, even finish. 1090 is resistant to wear and impact damage but not to corrosion, meaning careful consideration must be given when selecting materials for production processes that require exposure to humid or wet conditions by understanding the strengths and limitations of 1090 steel and taking appropriate measures when machining pieces from it, efficient production runs are ensured with minimal wastage or defectiveness.

AISI 1090 Heat Treatment

Heat Treatment of SAE / AISI 1090   Heat treatment is often used to change the microstructure of metals and alloys to improve their mechanical properties.

Annealing

Annealing is a process employed to soften and relieve stress in the metal. This involves heating the metal to a precise temperature and cooling it gradually under controlled conditions.

Normalizing

Normalizing serves to refine grain structure and remove internal stresses in metal. This entails heating the metal to a specific temperature and cooling it in the open air to achieve desired properties.

Hardening

Hardening enhances metal hardness and strength by heating it to a specific temperature, followed by rapid cooling in oil or water. This process transforms the metal’s microstructure, fortifying it for increased durability.

Tempering

Tempering is employed to enhance ductility and reduce brittleness in metal. This process optimizes the material’s properties by reheating the metal to a specific temperature, followed by controlled air cooling.

Conclusion

SAE/AISI 1090 Carbon Steel (UNS G10900) boasts a composition rich in carbon, providing exceptional strength and wear resistance. Widely utilized in construction, automotive, and high-stress applications, its versatile properties make it invaluable. Understanding its composition and characteristics ensures optimal utilization across various industries.

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