8 Types of Pipe Expansion Joints and Their Uses

Pipe expansion joints are essential components in industrial piping systems. These joints allow for pipes’ expansion, contraction, and movement, which temperature changes, vibration, or seismic events can cause. To provide the best protection for these systems, it’s crucial to understand the different types of pipe expansion joints available and their unique features and benefits.

Types of Pipe Expansion Joints

Single Expansion Joint

The single expansion joint is the most common type used for various applications. This pipe joint only allows for movement in the axial direction and is ideal for small pipe systems. Single expansion joints can handle temperatures up to 800°F and 200 PSI pressures.

Universal Expansion Joint

The universal expansion joint is designed with two bellows that transmit internal pressure thrust to the pipelines while accommodating the pipe system’s lateral, axial, and angular movements. This type of joint can handle temperatures up to 1200°F and pressures up to 200 PSI.

Fabric Expansion Joint

The fabric expansion joint, a non-metallic expansion joint, is used for applications requiring flexible connections. This joint comprises multiple layers of fabric and rubber that are compressed under pressure and can move in any direction. Fabric expansion joints can handle temperatures up to 2000°F and 150 PSI pressures.

Hinged Expansion Joint

Hinged expansion joints are designed to allow angular rotation in one plane. This joint is commonly used in pressure vessels, tanks, and heat exchangers, among other applications. Hinged expansion joints can handle temperatures up to 1000°F and pressures up to 2000 PSI.

Gimbal Expansion Joint

Gimbal expansion joints are designed to allow angular rotation in any plane and are commonly used in large-diameter pipe systems where a significant range of movement may occur. Gimbal expansion joints can handle temperatures up to 2000°F and pressures up to 400 PSI.

Rectangular Expansion Joint

Rectangular expansion joints are designed to handle thermal expansion in rectangular ducting systems. These joints incorporate hinged corners to accommodate movements in all directions. Rectangular expansion joints can handle temperatures up to 1000°F and pressures up to 20 PSI.

Elbow Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint

The elbow pressure balanced expansion joint is used in applications requiring large axial movements. This joint is designed with a pressure-balanced bellow that provides a low spring rate, which controls pressure thrust loads. Elbow pressure-balanced expansion joints can handle temperatures up to 1000°F and pressures up to 150 PSI.

In-Line Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint

The in-line pressure balanced expansion joint is used to prevent the expansion or contraction of the pipe system from affecting the pipework’s layout or neighbouring components. In-line pressure flat expansion joints can handle temperatures up to 1000°F and pressures up to 150 PSI.

Conclusion:

Expansion joints are crucial to ensure industrial piping systems’ proper functioning. Different types of joints can handle specific applications, temperature ranges, and pressure ratings. Single and universal expansion joints are the most common types used in small and large-pipe systems. On the other hand, fabric, hinged, gimbal, rectangular, elbow pressure-balanced, and in-line pressure-balanced expansion joints are suitable for specific applications with different pressure ratings and temperature ranges. When selecting an expansion joint for your piping system, it’s essential to consider all the factors, including temperature, pressure, size, and specific application requirements. By understanding the different types of expansion joints, you can select the one that best suits your piping system’s needs, ensuring durability, longevity, and safety.